What is Epilepsy?

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Epilepsy is medical disorder of the brain consisting of seizures. In epilepsy, the normal pattern of neuronal activity becomes disturbed, causing strange sensations, emotions, and behavior or sometimes convulsions, muscle spasms, and loss of consciousness. The condition has many possible causes and there are several types. Anything that disturbs the normal pattern of neuron activity—from illness to brain damage to abnormal brain development—can lead to seizures.  Having a single seizure as the result of a high fever (called febrile seizure) or head injury does not necessarily mean that a person has epilepsy. Only when a person has had two or more seizures is he or she considered to have epilepsy. A measurement of electrical activity in the brain and brain scans such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography are common diagnostic tests for epilepsy.

What is Headache?

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Headache or cephalalgia means pain located anywhere in the head.  There are many types of headaches with multiple different etiologies.  Among the different types of headaches, ones of the most common are migraine headaches and tension type headaches.  Migraine headaches are usually characterized by severe pain on one or both sides of the head, at times accompanied with upset stomach and sensitivity to light and noise.   Women are more likely than men to have migraine headaches.

 Like other types of pain, headaches can serve as warning signals of more serious disorders and should be evaluated by a specialist.

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a non-reversible brain disorder that develops over a period of years. Initially, people experience memory loss and confusion, which may be mistaken for the kinds of memory changes that are sometimes associated with normal aging. However, the symptoms of AD gradually lead to behavior and personality changes, a decline in cognitive abilities such as decision-making and language skills, and problems recognizing family and friends. AD ultimately leads to a severe loss of mental function. These losses are related to the worsening breakdown of the connections between certain neurons in the brain and their eventual death. AD is one of a group of disorders called dementias that are characterized by cognitive and behavioral problems. It is the most common cause of dementia among people age 65 and older.

What is Stroke?

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A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is suddenly interrupted (ischemic type) or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts (hemorrhagic type). Brain cells die when they no longer receive oxygen and nutrients from the blood or there is sudden bleeding into or around the brain. The symptoms of a stroke include sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body; sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding speech; sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes; sudden trouble with walking, dizziness, or loss of balance or coordination; or sudden severe headache with no known cause.